Mathematics Grade Expectations for Kindergarten
On the Mathematics portion of your child's progress report, you will note a column labeled VT Standard/ GE. "VT Standard" refers to Vermont's Framework of Standards and Learning Opportunities. "GE"refers to a Grade Expectation.
The purpose of Vermont's Framework of Standards and Learning Opportunities is to improve student learning. The standards are used in three ways:
1. To provide a structure from which standards-based district, school, and classroom curriculum can be developed, organized, implemented, and assessed.
2. To provide the basis for the development of a state, local, and classroom comprehensive assessment system.
3. To make explicit what may be included in statewide assessments of student learning.
A grade expectation (GE) is a stated objective that relates directly to a Vermont Standard. A GE describes clearly what students will do to show that they understand a designated concept. It also differentiates performance on content knowledge or skills between adjacent grade levels.
The first number in the column refers to the Vermont Standard that is required, the second number (after the slash), refers to the grade expectation. For example, on the first line, the content assessed is "Count on by 1s." "7.6î"refers to the Vermont Standard, under Mathematical Understanding:
Arithmetic, Number, and Operation Concepts
7.6 Students understand arithmetic in computation, and they select and use, in appropriate situations, mental arithmetic, pencil and paper, calculator, and computer.
"MK: 1" refers to "Math, Kindergarten, Expectation #1":
MK: 1 Demonstrates conceptual understanding of rational numbers with respect to whole numbers by connecting oral number words and numerals (up to and including two-digit numbers to 50) to the quantities they represent using physical models and representations and shows correct sequence of cardinal numbers.
Both the Vermont Standards and the Grade Expectations documents are used to determine the curriculum and the programs used in all Vermont classrooms. You may learn more about the Vermont Standards and Grade Expectations by visiting the Vermont Department of Education website.
Our Every Day Math program follows seven "strands" or areas of instruction. With modifications, it meets the Grade Expectations of the Vermont Standards. What follows are the expectations for your child's learning in mathematics for the Kindergarten year:
Number and Numeration: Understand the meanings, uses and representations of numbers
Goal 1: Count on by 1s to 100; count on by 2s, 5s, and 10s and count back by 1s with number grids, number lines, and calculators.
Goal 2: Count 50 or more objects; estimate the number of objects in a collection
Goal 3: Model numbers with manipulatives; use manipulatives to exchange 1s for 10s and 10s for 100s; recognize that digits can be used and combined to read and write numbers; read numbers up to 50.
Goal 4: Use manipulatives to model half of a region or a collection; describe the model.
Goal 5: Use manipulatives, drawings, and numerical expressions involving addition and subtraction of 1-digit numbers to give equivalent names for whole numbers up to 20.
Goal 6: Compare and order whole numbers up to 20.
Operations and Computation: Compute accurately
Goal 1: Use manipulatives, number lines, and mental arithmetic to solve problems involving the addition and subtraction of single-digit whole numbers.
Goal 2: Identify join and take away situations.
Data and Chance: Select and create appropriate graphical representations of collected or given data
Goal 1: Collect and organize data to create class-constructed tally charts, tables, and bar graphs
Goal 2: Use graphs to answer simple questions
Goal 3: Describe events using certain, possible, impossible, and other basic probability terms.
Measurement and Reference Frames: Understand the systems and processes of measurement; use appropriate techniques, tools, units, and formulas in making measurements.
Goal 1: Use nonstandard tools and techniques to estimate and compare weight and length, identify standard measuring tools
Goal 2: Identify pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters, and dollar bills
Goal 3: Describe temperature using appropriate vocabulary, such as hot, warm, and cold; identify a thermometer as a tool for measuring temperature.
Goal 4: Describe and use measures of time periods relative to a day and a week; identify tools that measure time.
Geometry: Investigate characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional shapes
Goal 1: Identify and describe plane and solid figures including squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, spheres, and cubes.
Goal 2: Identify shapes having line symmetry
Patterns, Functions, and Algebra: Understand patterns and functions
Goal 1: Extend, describe, and create visual, rhythmic, and movement patterns; use rules, which will lead to functions, to sort, and to make patterns
Goal 2: Read and write expressions and number sentences using the symbols +, -, and =.
In addition, the Vermont Standards require students to:
Demonstrate understanding of mathematical problem solving and communication through:
Approach & Reasoning: reasoning, strategies, and skills used to solve the problem;
Connections: Demonstration of observations, applications, extensions, and generalizations;
Solution: All of the work that was done to solve the problem, including the answer;
Mathematical Language: The use of mathematical language in communicating the solution;
Mathematical Representation: The use of mathematical representation to communicate the solution; and
Documentation: Presentation of the solution.
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